Glossary

Application

A printed form used by a mortgage lender to record necessary information concerning a prospective mortgage.

Application Fee

A sum of money paid towards estimated initial mortgage processing expenses such as appraisal and credit report.

Appraisal

A report made by a qualified person setting forth an opinion or estimate of property value. The term also refers to the process by which the estimate is obtained.

As Separate Property

Ownership in real property which is to be specifically excluded from community property.

Assessed Valuation

The value that a taxing authority places on real or personal property for the purpose of taxation.

Assessment

A charge against a property for purposes of ta

Borrower

A person (also known as Mortgagor) who receives funds in the form of a loan with an obligation to repay principal with interest.

Buydown

A payment to the lender from the seller, buyer or third party, causing the lender to reduce the interest rate.

Cash to Close

Liquid assets that are readily available to be used to pay the closing costs involved in a closing of a mortgage transaction.

Closing

The consummation of a real estate transaction. The closing includes the delivery of a deed, financial adjustments, the signing of notes and the disbursement of funds necessary to complete the sale and loan transaction.

Closing Costs

Money paid by the borrower in connection with the closing of a mortgage loan. This generally involves an origination fee, discount points, appraisal, credit report, title insurance, attorney's fees, survey and pre-paid items such as tax and insurance escrow payments.

Closing Statement

A form used at closing that gives an account of the funds received and paid at the closing, including the escrow deposits for taxes, hazard insurance and mortgage insurance.

Co-Borrower

Additional borrower(s) whose income contributes to qualifying for a loan and whose name(s) appears on documents with equal legal obligations.

Collateral

Property pledged as security for a debt, such as the real estate pledged as security for a mortgage.

Commitment (Loan)

A binding pledge made by the lender to the borrower to make a loan, usually as a stated interest rate within a given period of time for a given purpose, subject to the compliance of the borrower to stated conditions.

Commitment Fee (Loan)

Any fee paid by a potential borrower to a lender for the lender's promise to lend money at a specified rate and within a given time period.

Commitment Letter

A lender's written offer to grant a mortgage loan outlining the terms, the amount of the loan, the interest rate and any other conditions. It can also serve as a communication of the lender's decision to the borrower's application.

Conforming

A mortgage loan that conforms to regulatory limits such as loan-to-value ratio, term and other characteristics.

Conforming Loan

Conventional home mortgages eligible for sale and delivery to either the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). These agencies generally purchase traditional fixed rate level payment first mortgage up to loan amounts mandated by Congressional directive.

Conventional Mortgage

A mortgage not obtained under a government insured program (such as FHA or VA).

Credit Report

A report detailing an individual's credit history.

Deed of Trust

An instrument used in many states in place of a mortgage. Property is transferred to a trustee by the borrower (trustor), in favor of the lender (beneficiary) and reconveyed upon payment in full.

Default

The failure to perform an obligation as agreed in a contract.

Delinquency

A loan payment that is overdue but within the period allowed before actual default is declared.

DeMinimus PUD

A PUD in which the common property has less than a 2% influence upon the value of the premises. The 2% rule of thumb is calculated by dividing the dollar amount of amenities by the total number of units. Also see PUD.

Deposit

A sum of money given to bind a sale of real estate. Also known as earnest money.

Depreciation

A loss of value in real property brought about by age, physical deterioration, functional or economic obsolescence.

Discount Point

Amount payable to the lending institution by the borrower or seller to increase the lender's effective yield. One point is equal to one percent of the loan amount.

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)

A Federal law requiring lenders and other creditors to make credit equally available without discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, receipt of income from public assistance programs or past exercising of rights under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.

Equity

The ownership interest; i.e. portion of a property's value over and above the liens against it.

Escrow

A procedure whereby a disinterested third party handles legal documents and funds on behalf of a seller and buyer.

Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

A Federal law which requires a lender who is rejecting a loan request because of adverse credit information to inform the borrower of the source of such information.

Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

A Federal law which requires a lender who is rejecting a loan request because of adverse credit information to inform the borrower of the source of such information.

Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation - FHLMC (Freddie Mac)

A corporation authorized by Congress. It purchases residential mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (VA) as well as conventional home mortgages. It sells participation certificates whose principal and interest are guaranteed by FHLMC.

Federal National Mortgage Association - FNMA (Fannie Mae)

A taxpaying corporation created by Congress to support the secondary mortgage market. It purchases and sells residential mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (VA) as well as conventional home mortgages.

Fixed Interest Rate

An interest rate which does not change during the loan term.

Foreclosure

A legal procedure in which property mortgaged as security for a loan is sold to pay the defaulting borrower's debt.

Gift Letter

A written explanation signed by the individual giving the gift stating, "This is a bona fide gift and there is no obligation expressed or implied to repay this sum at any time."

Gross Monthly Income

Total monthly income earned before deductions.

Hazard Insurance

A contract whereby an insurer, for a premium, undertakes to compensate the insured for loss on a specific property due to certain hazards.

High-Ratio Loan

Mortgage loans in excess of 80 percent of the loan amount divided by the lower of the sales price or appraised value.

Homeowners' Association Dues

The fees imposed by a condominium or homeowners' association for maintenance of common areas.

Insured Loans

A loan insured by FHA or a private mortgage insurance company.

Interest

Consideration in the form of money paid for the use of money. Also a right, share or title in property.

Interest Rate

The percentage of an amount of money which is paid for its use for a specified time.

Investment Property

Real estate owned with the intent of supplementing income and not intended for owner occupancy.

Lien

A legal claim or attachment against property as security for payment of an obligation.

Loan-To-Value Ratio

The ratio between the amount of a given mortgage loan and the lower of sales price or appraised value.

Market Value

The highest price which a ready, willing and able buyer would pay and a willing seller will accept, both being fully informed under no pressure to act. The market value may be different from the price a property can actually be sold for at a given time (market price).

Monthly Payment

Usually, the amount of PITI (principal, interest, taxes and insurance) paid each month on a mortgage loan.

Mortgage

The conveyance of an interest in real property given as security for the payment of a loan.

Mortgagee

The lender in a mortgage transaction.

Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)

The consideration paid by a mortgagor (borrower) for mortgage insurance either to the FHA or to a private mortgage insurer, according to the following schedules.

Approximate costs for PMI on most loans.

LOAN-TO-VALUE % of LOAN AMOUNT
80.01%-85%
.31%
85.01%-90% .60%
90.01%-95% .78%
95.01%-100% 1.00%

EXAMPLE:
90% loan on $80,000 home purchase= $72,000 loan amount.
.60 x $72,000 = $43.20/month for PMI

Mortgage Note

A written promise to pay a sum of money at a stated interest rate during a specified term. The note contains a complete description of the conditions under which the loan is to be repaid and when it is due.

Mortgagor

The borrower in a mortgage transaction who pledges property as security for a debt.

Non-Conforming Loan

Conventional home mortgages not eligible for sale and delivery to either FNMA or FHLMC because of various reasons, including loan amount, loan characteristics or underwriting guidelines.

Occupancy

The use of a property as a full-time residence, either by the title holder (owner-occupancy) or by another party through a formal agreement (rental).

Origination Fee

The amount charged for services performed by the company handling the initial application and processing of the loan.

Percentage Point

One percent of the loan amount or a measure of the interest rate.

PITI (Principal, Interest, Taxes and Insurance)

The most common components of a monthly mortgage payment.

Preliminary Title Report

The results of a title search by a title company prior to issuing a title binder or commitment to insure clear title.

Primary Residence

A residence which the borrower intends to occupy as the principal residence.

Principal Balance

The remaining balance due on a debt.

Private Mortgage Insurance

Insurance written by a private company protecting the mortgage lender against loss resulting from a mortgage default.

Processing

The preparation of a mortgage loan application and supporting documentation for consideration by a lender or insurer.

PUD (Planned Unit Development)

A planned combination of diverse land uses, such as housing, recreation and shopping in one contained development or subdivision. A major feature of a PUD includes areas of common land for use by the housing unit owners; the association of unit owners generally owns, pays fees and maintains the common areas. Also see DeMinimus PUD.

Purchase Contract (Agreement/Offer)

An agreement between a buyer and seller of real property, setting forth the price and terms of the sale. Also known as a sales contract.

Rate Lock Option

An agreement guaranteeing the home buyer a specified interest rate provided the loan is closed within a set period of time.

Real Assets

Real estate or real property owned by an individual or business.

Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA)

A Federal law requiring lenders to provide home mortgage borrowers with information on known or estimated settlement costs. It also establishes guidelines for escrow account balances and the disclosure of settlement costs.

Real Property

Land and that which is affixed to it.

Refinancing

The repayment of a debt from the proceeds of a new loan using the same property as security.

Satisfaction of Mortgage

The recordable instrument issued by the lender verifying full payment of a mortgage debt.

Second Home (Vacation Home, Weekend Home)

A residence other than the borrower's primary residence which the borrower intends to occupy for a portion of each year. Must be suitable for year-round occupancy.

Security

In lending, the collateral given, deposited or pledged to secure the payment of a debt.

Settlement Services

Services provided by the lender at the closing of a loan.

Survey

The measurement and description of land by a registered surveyor.

Term

The time limit within which a loan must be repaid.

Title

The legal evidence of ownership rights to real property.

Title Insurance Policy

A contract in which an insurer, usually a title insurance company, agrees to pay the insured party a specific amount for any loss caused by defects of title on real estate in which the insured has an interest as purchaser, mortgagee or otherwise.

Title Search

An examination of public records to disclose the past and current facts regarding the ownership of a given piece of real estate.

Truth-in-Lending Act

A Federal law requiring a disclosure of credit terms using a standard format. This is intended to facilitate comparisons between the lending terms of financial institutions.

Underwriting

Analysis of risk and setting of an appropriate rate and term for a mortgage on a given property for given borrowers.

Zero Point Option

An option which allows the borrower to not pay the points associated with the loan origination fee. This savings is offset by a slightly higher loan interest rate.